Each Hijri month commences at the beginning of the new moon cycle. Months in the Islamic CalendarĪ year consists of 12 months known as Hijri months. So, 622 AD became the Islamic calendar’s first year. Once Khalifa Umar had consulted two of the Prophet’s most revered companions, Ali bin Abi Talib and Uthman ibn Affan, this date was finally agreed upon to mark the starting of the new calendar. In the end, the majority agreed on the date of the Prophet’s migration to Madinah. These suggestions included the date of birth of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the date of the Prophet’s death.
While the debate regarding this issue raged on between Khalifa Umar and his advisors, many suggestions were put on the table regarding the date that should mark the commencement of this new calendar. Abu Musa al-Ash’ari sent a letter requesting Khalifa Umar to establish a consistent way of keeping track of dates. Here is a list of the names of these 10 years, starting from the first year of the Hijra that is 622-23 CE.ĭuring the third or fourth year of the leadership of Khalifa Umar ibn al-Khattab, an official in Iraq (Basrah) named Abu Musa al-Ash’ari filed a complaint underlining the absence of a consistent dating system of the correspondence received by him. Instead of being numbered, the first 10 years of Hijra were named after the prominent events in the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Before the introduction of the Islamic calendar, Muslims kept track of time by using an array of significant events in Islamic history such as the Prophet’s year of birth. The credit of creating the Islamic or the Muslim calendar is given to Khalifa Umar ibn Al-Khattab, who served as a leading companion to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and became the second Muslim ruler after the Prophet’s death.
The Hijrah, historically speaking, is the central event of early Islam, the turning point in Islamic history that led to the foundation of the first Muslim state.Source: IslamicFinder The Creation of Islamic Calendar After consulting his companions, he set the Hijrah-the flight of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from Makkah to Madinah-as the most appropriate reference to the new Islamic era. The dating of the Islamic years was introduced by the second caliph, ` Umar ibn Al-Khattab, in 638 CE (16 AH) in an attempt to circumvent all the various conflicting dating systems used during his time. It takes about 33 years for the Islamic dates to rotate through the solar seasons. For example, Ramadan and Hajj can fall in the summer as well as in the winter. This means that Muslim months fall in different seasons. Since the Islamic calendar is lunar, its year is 10 or 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year. Fighting (killing) is prohibited during these sacred months except in self-defense. Islam inherited and approved this practice. In the pre-Islamic period, raids among the Arab tribes were forbidden and hunting was halted during these months. However, the dates of so me of these events, such as that of Laylat Al-Qadr and the Prophet Muhammad’s journey of Israa’ and Mi`raj, have not been conclusively specified, and there has been some uncertainty about the exact date of the event.įour of the twelve months are sacred: Rajab, Muharram, Dhul-Qi`dah, Dhul- Hijjah). The most important dates in the Islamic calendar are: 1 Muharram (Islamic New Year) 10 Muharram (Day of `Ashura’) 27 Rajab (Israa’ and Mi`raj) 1 Ramadan (first day of the month of fasting) the last ten days of Ramadan, which include (Laylat Al-Qadr) 1 Shawwal (`Eid Al-Fitr) 8 – 10 Dhul-Hijjah ( Hajj) 9 Dhul-Hijjah (Day of `Arafah) 10 Dhul-Hijjah (`Eid Al-Adha). The Islamic year consists of twelve months: (1) Muharram, (2) Safar, (3) Rabi` Awwal, (4) Rabi` Thani, (5) Jumada Awwal, (6) Jumada Thani, (7) Rajab, (8) Sha`ban, (9) Ramadan, (10) Shawwal, (11) Dhul- Qi`dah, (12) Dhul- Hijjah. Therefore scientists have developed a number of norms to help predict when the first sighting of the crescent moon will be, but there will be small discrepancies between countries when determining the birth of the crescent heralding the month of Ramadan and the first day of the following month, indicating the end of the fast. The new moon announces the arrival of a new month, but due to differences in the weather (rain and fog, et cetera) that may prevent a clear view of the moon, or due to great distances between countries, the start of a new month is neither definite nor conclusive. The Islamic or Hijri calendar is based on a lunar month of 29 to 30 days, with the day starting at sunset. Say: They are fixed seasons for mankind and for the pilgrimage…” ( Al-Baqarah 2:189) “They ask thee, (O Muhammad), of new moons.
0 kommentar(er)
